Which statements are true regarding verification and validation?

• A. Only I and II are true.
• B. Only II and III are true.
• C. Only I and III are true.
• D. Only I, II, and III are true.

Answer: (C)

Verification and validation are critical components in ensuring functional safety, and understanding their roles is essential in the development and maintenance of safety-critical systems.

The first statement typically addresses verification, which ensures that the system or component meets the specified requirements and is built correctly according to design specifications. It involves activities such as reviews, inspections, and testing to confirm that the implementation matches the intended design.

The second statement usually pertains to validation, which confirms that the product meets the needs of the user and stakeholders in a real-world context. This aspect is about ensuring that the right product has been built — one that fulfills its intended purpose and functions in accordance with user expectations.

The third statement likely emphasizes that both verification and validation processes are essential to achieving overall product quality and reliability in safety-critical applications. They are complementary processes that ensure not only compliance with specifications but also the real-world efficacy of the product.

Given this context, the correctness of the chosen answer highlights that all three statements about verification and validation are indeed true, encompassing the comprehensive understanding required for functional safety practices.